Davlyn: December 2020

Instructions: Fill in the missing words by listening to or watching the Youtube clip - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=co6iuDpaQTM&t=39s&ab_channel=FuseSchool-GlobalEducation

What is __blodd____?

Blood is always red, right? Wrong. Blood comes in a variety of colours. It may be __red____ in

humans and in other ___mammals___, but an octopus, for example, has blue blood and oscillated

ice fish have blood that is completely clear ... and in Papua New Guinea there are green-

blooded skink - with green __blooded____. So don't be fooled into thinking blood is always red.

We are going to discover what blood is made of and the roles of the different components.

Blood consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma.

Fifty five percent of our blood is this pale yellow sticky liquid called plasma. Plasma is

mainly made up of water and proteins. It __carries___ nutrients, hormones and proteins around

the body and it also distributes heat around the body, so it is pretty important.

However, this is not the part that makes blood red, green, blue or clear. ___plasma___ equals

about 92% water and just under 8% _plasma_____.

About 45% of our blood is made up of red blood cells. Red blood cells are ___tiny___ bi-concave,

disc-shaped cells known as erythrocytes. They are made in the bone marrow and contain

a special iron-containing protein called haemoglobin.

____haemoglobin___ is what enables our red blood cells to carry oxygen around the body and it is

haemoglobin that makes our blood red. blood cells___octupus___ have a different special protein called

haemocyanin which makes their __blood____ blue. The ice fish doesn't have either haemoglobin

or ___haemocyanin___ which is why the blood runs clear.

____white___ blood cells and platelets make up less than 1% of our blood. White blood cells are

warriors. They protect our body against invasion from disease-causing organisms known

as __pathogens____. These clever little cells do this in two ways.

____70___ percent of our white blood cells are phagocytes and engulf foreign pathogens in

a process known as phagocytosis...or the others are lymphocytes which produce

____antibodies___. Antibodies bind to the foreign pathogen and stop it from invading further.

You will learn more about white _blood_____ cells when learning about __disease____ and how our body

defends itself against pathogens.

Now....finally __platelets____. Platelets make a tiny fraction of our blood. They help the blood to

_____clot__when you cut yourself, stopping the bleeding and preventing the __wound____ from

becoming infected.

You should now know that blood isn't necessarily __red____, and the colour depends on what the

blood cells are made up of. Blood consists of nutrients, heat transporting plasma, and the oxygen carrying red blood cells. Less than 1% is made up of very important pathogen-fighting white blood cells. Lastly, blood has clotting platelets.

Answer these questions in your own words:

What makes human blood red? A protein called hemoglobin makes the blood red

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What is our blood made up of? (use percentages as well)

___________________________________________________________%55 is plasma 45% is red blood cells less than 1% white blood/platelets_____________________________

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What stops you bleeding out when you cut yourself or have an injury?

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__platlets in your blood help your blood to clot.______________________________________________________________________________________

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What does blood have to do with fighting off diseases?

_____________________________White blood cells cover the wound.___________________________________________________________

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Explain what plasma is.

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_____plasma is made up of water and protein.___________________________________________________________________________________

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What is a red blood cell? What does it do? What does it look like? What is it made of?

_blood cells are made of cells. It helps us live. It looks like water but red.

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What other animals (or types of animals) have red blood?

All of the animals have blood such as mammals and reptiles but they have cold blood because they lay eggs. The names of some of the animals are lions,lizards and tigers. ___________________________________________________________________

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DNA is the building block of all life. When unraveling a human Dna it can go around the sun for about 61 TIMES! Amazing right? But that's not all, did you know that there are 100 trillion cells in the human body and 23 sets of chromosomes.

Cloning is when you get DNA from any living thing and use the DNA to make a copy. There are 5 steps of cloning, the 1st step is getting DNA from something, then the next step is to study the DNA (finding the genome sequence), for the 3rd step is to fill in the gaps using DNA from a similar animal (E.g. for a moa, you would use emu or ostrich DNA), the next step is create an embryo and find a mum, for the last step wait for it to be born. The very first cloned mammal was Dolly the sheep who was cloned in 1996 July 5 and died in 2003 it only lived for 6 years and was cloned in scotland. Cloning is kind of the same thing as de-extinction but cloning is when you take DNA from a living organism and de-extinction is when you get DNA from an extinct animal’s fossil. Natural cloning is when you only get your mum’s or your dad’s DNA.

In the school journal, page 12, Return Of The Moa? by Quinn Berentson, it was talking about extinct animals that can be de-extinct, for example, Moa, Wooly Mammoth, Huia, Tasmanian Tiger and many others, but what are the reasons why? The reason why is because it could fix the mistake that they have made in the past, bring happiness to the world, also when you bring them back you get to have a closer look at the moa. But there are some animals that can’t be de-extinct because the fossils are too old and there are not enough in it as well.

Thera are some bad reasons you should de-extinct things because you never know if it will work or what it will do, another reason is it is enormous and called probably eat you. Also we should just focus on saving the animals that are endangered like kiwis and other endangered animals,there are 2,786 different species that are threatened all over New Zealand. Another reason is you might not even succeed, but if you do and successfully bring back the moa it might go out and eat all of the animals that are extinct.

I think that bringing extinct animals back to life will be another problem to the world because we have no idea what will happen when they go back alive. But cloning animals will be no problem because we know what will happen when they get cloned.